Precipitated withdrawal

Precipitated withdrawal is a rapid and severe onset of withdrawal symptoms that can occur when an opioid antagonist or partial agonist, such as naloxone or buprenorphine, is administered to a person with an active opioid dependency. It happens because the medication displaces opioids from their receptors, causing a sudden drop in opioid effects.

Symptoms of precipitated withdrawal

Symptoms of precipitated withdrawal can be severe and include both physical and psychological effects. Physical symptoms may include:

• Sweating 
• Racing heart 
• High blood pressure
• Body aches
• Excessive yawning
• Insomnia 
• Diarrhea
• Dilated pupils

Psychological symptoms may include:

• Restlessness
• Irritability
• Anxiety
• Intense cravings for the substance

Context

Precipitated withdrawal has been a concern in opioid addiction treatment since the introduction of antagonist and partial agonist medications. Proper induction protocols and patient education help mitigate the risk of precipitated withdrawal.